Determiner (Kata Penjelas/Penentu)

 

Introduction

A determiner is a word that sits right before a noun in a noun phrase. A determiner gives information about a noun, generally about its possession or quantity. Note that a determiner must come before a singular countable noun.

Types of Determiner

• Definite Article & Indefinite Article
• Demonstratives
• Possessives
• Quantifiers
• Distributives

Definite & Indefinite Article

Definite Article: "The" is a definite article used before singular and plural nouns to refer to specific or previously mentioned things.

Examples:

• The dog barked loudly.
• We love the party

Indefinite Articles: "A" is an indefinite article used before words that begin with a consonant sound, referring to any nonspecific or unidentified thing. "An" is an indefinite article used before words that begin with a vowel sound.

Examples:

• Do you have an extra pen? I will return it in some time. (one pen that is not specific, any pen)
• I need a room. Could you help me get it? (One room that is not specific)

Demonstratives

Demonstratives (e.g., "this," "that," "these," "those") point to or indicate the proximity or distance of a noun in relation to the speaker or the context.

• "This" refers to something close to the speaker.

Examples: "This book is interesting."

• "That" refers to something farther away from the speaker.

Examples: "That house is beautiful."

• "These" refers to multiple things close to the speaker.

Example: "These flowers are lovely."

• "Those" refers to multiple things farther away from the speaker.

Example: "Those birds are migrating."

Possessives

Possessive determiners indicate ownership or possession of a noun. Examples include "my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," and "their."

• "My" indicates ownership by the speaker.

Example: "My car is parked outside."

• "Your" indicates ownership by the person being spoken to.

Example: "Is this your pen?"

• "His" indicates ownership by a male person.

Example: "I like his shirt."

• "Her" indicates ownership by a female person.

Example: "Her cat is very playful."

• "Its" indicates ownership by a non-human object or animal.

Example: "The dog wagged its tail."

• "Our" indicates ownership by a group including the speaker.

Example: "Our team won the game."

• "Their" indicates ownership by multiple people or things.

Example: "Their house is located on the corner."

Quantifiers

Quantifiers express quantity or amount. They provide information about the number or amount of the noun. Examples include "some," "any," "many," "few," "several," "all," "no," and "much."

• "Some" refers to an unspecified quantity.

Example: "Would you like some water?"

• "Many" indicates a large quantity.

Example: "There are many books on the shelf."

• "Few" indicates a small quantity.

Example: "Only a few people attended the meeting."

• "Several" indicates an indefinite but small number.

Example: "She bought several dresses for the party."

• "All" refers to the entire or complete amount.

Example: "All students must attend the assembly."

• "No" indicates zero quantity.

Example: "There is no milk in the fridge."

• "Much" indicates a large amount (used with uncountable nouns).

Example: "Too much sugar is not healthy."

Distributives

Distributive adjectives sit just before a noun and refer to members or parts of a group separately. They refer to entities in a group separately.

Here are the most common distributive adjectives in English: any, every, either, neither, any, and both

Examples:

• You can take either box.
• Neither team deserved to win the match.
• Every team played well.
• Both girls are playing in the upcoming tournament.